Nickel Magazine, March 2005 -- The piping systems that deliver potable water and fire-fighting capabilities in tall buildings have unique requirements. They must be able to withstand not only high pressures but the motion of the building caused by seismic and wind forces. Speed and ease of assembly are also important during the construction phase as builders grapple with tighter deadlines and a more fluid, less skilled workforce.
As buildings grow ever taller, engineers are turning to stainless steel piping systems ( S30400 and S31600) to meet these needs. Three of the newest and tallest buildings in the world, the Taipei Financial Centre in Taiwan, the Aurora tower in Brisbane, Australia and the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, are prime examples of this shift to high-pressure stainless steel piping systems in certain circumstances.
Various controlled studies have served to give confidence in the use of stainless steel plumbing systems. Two examples are:
1) A 10 year Japanese study covering tubing trials in 2 large buildings, a hotel and a supermarket, examined lengths of type 304 stainless pipework in waters ranging from pH 7.1-8.8, 20mg/l chlorides, residual chlorine levels of 0.1-0.9mg/l and 28-50oC. Connections were made using welds, soldered fittings, stainless pressfittings, bronze compression fittings and flanged joints.
No corrosion was found on any of the pipes or their welds even under sediment. Pressfittings proved a very acceptable form of connection and showed no signs of crevice corrosion. Some general corrosion had taken place on the bronze fittings but this was slight and would not influence service performance. The study showed good performance from soldered joints although care has to be taken with soldering as problems occurred years ago in Europe when chloride based fluxes were used rather than phosphoric acid fluxes. Soldering has also been associated with knife-line type of attack and recommendations for suitable silver solders should be obtained from suppliers. If flanged joints are used, a polymeric gasket material suitable for use with stainless steel should be chosen
2) In Scotland, soft aggressive drinking waters have caused serious leakage problems in copper pipework. This was of particular concern in hospitals. To evaluate stainless steel as a replacement, parts of one hospital were retubed in 304 and 316 stainless steels and examined 2 years later. The water had a chloride content of about 20mg/l and pH of 8. The hot water pipe was 55-65oC. As a result, 316L was the alloy chosen for health care premises in Scotland. The initial trials used copper based compression fittings whereas stainless steel pressfittings have been used in subsequent installations. 10 years on, the performance of the early installations with pressfittings was assessed by the NHS in Scotland with samples of tubing removed and evaluated. The performance of the pressfittings was found to be excellent with no corrosion at all found in hot or cold water tubing.
